Preschool Education in Brazil: Does Public Supply Crowd Out Private Enrollment?
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper examines whether an expansion in the supply of public preschool crowds out private enrollment, using rich data for municipalities in Brazil from 2000-2006, where federal transfers to local governments change discontinuously with given population thresholds. Results from a regression-discontinuity design reveal that larger federal transfers lead to a significant expansion of local public preschool services, but show no effects on the quantity or quality of private provision. These findings are consistent with a theory in which households differ in willingness to pay for preschool services, and private suppliers optimally adjust prices in response to an expansion of lower-quality, free-of-charge public supply. JEL classifications: D12, I21, I28, L21, O15
منابع مشابه
Crowd-out 10 years later: have recent public insurance expansions crowded out private health insurance?
Ten years ago, Cutler and Gruber [Cutler, D., Gruber, J., 1996. Does public health insurance crowdout private insurance? Quarterly Journal of Economics 111, 391-430] suggested that crowd-out might be quite large, but much subsequent research has questioned this conclusion. Our results using improved data and methods clearly show that crowd-out is still significant in the 1996-2002 period. This ...
متن کاملDoes Immigration Crowd Natives Into or Out of Higher Education?
This paper investigates the impact of immigration on market prices and how natives respond by examining how inflows of immigrant students and immigrant labor affect the postsecondary enrollment of natives. Existing studies have focused on the effect of increased immigrant demand for schooling on native enrollment, omitting the effect that changes in immigrant labor supply also have on prices re...
متن کاملCrowd-out in the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP): incidence, enrollee characteristics and experiences, and potential impact on New York's SCHIP.
BACKGROUND The extent to which the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) crowds our private insurance is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of crowd-out and enrollee characteristics associated with crowd-out. DATA Parent telephone survey for 2,644 children after enrollment in NY SCHIP. MEASURES AND ANALYSES: Crowd-out is measured based on enrollee reports of co...
متن کاملNber Working Paper Series Estimates of Crowd-out from a Public Health Insurance Expansion Using Administrative Data
We use a combination of administrative and survey data to estimate the fraction of individuals newly enrolled in public health coverage (Wisconsin’s combined Medicaid and CHIP program) that had access to private, employer-sponsored health insurance at the time of their enrollment and the fraction that dropped this coverage. We estimate that after expansion of eligibility for public coverage, ap...
متن کاملThe Impacts of Expanding Access to High-Quality Preschool Education
President Obama’s “Preschool for All” initiative calls for dramatic increases in the number of 4-year-olds enrolled in public preschool programs and in the quality of these programs nationwide. The preschools proposed by the initiative share many characteristics with the universal preschools that have been offered in Georgia and Oklahoma since the 1990s. This study draws together data from mult...
متن کامل